As used in this section—

(a) “Cooperative project” means a jointly managed arrangement—

(1) Described in a written agreement between the parties;

(2) Undertaken to further the objectives of standardization, rationalization, and interoperability of the armed forces of NATO member countries; and

(3) Providing for—

(i) One or more of the other participants to share with the United States the cost of research and development, testing, evaluation, or joint production (including follow-on support) of certain defense articles;

(ii) Concurrent production in the United States and in another member country of a defense article jointly developed; or

(iii) Acquisition by the United States of a defense article or defense service from another member country.

(b) “Other participant” means a cooperative project participant other than the United States.